<BODY>
<BR>Opinions and/or reports related to this topic (mainly in french) :<BR>Genetically Modified Organisms<BR>GMOs<BR><BR><BR>What are GMOs?<BR><BR>Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be defined as organisms (animals, plants) or microorganisms whose genetic makeup, DNA, has been transformed in a way that doesn't involve natural recombination or multiplication.<BR><BR>This technique, called genetic engineering, transfers selected genes from one organism to another, sometimes between different species. It therefore offers the potential of introducing a new character into the genetic makeup of an organism once the corresponding gene(s) has(ve) been identified.<BR><BR>What is transgenesis?<BR><BR>A gene of interest is selected, for example the gene which codes the BT protein in a bacterium of the environment Bacillus thuringiensis. This protein is a toxin which is able to kill the larvae of certain insects.<BR><BR>This gene is isolated and additional genetic elements are associated to it:<BR>- a promoter enabling the reading of the information to begin,<BR>- a signal that reading is complete,<BR>- possibly a marker gene enabling the identification of the cells which received the gene of interest.<BR>This is what is known as a genetic construction, which is then introduced, using different techniques depending on the GMO, into the genome of a cell of the organism to be modified, for example corn or cotton. The transformed cells are then grown in special media to produce a new plant. These plants will then become capable of synthesising the toxin, for example, making them resistant to certain insects such as the European corn borer. This is what we call genetic transformation.<BR><BR>Genetic transformation may be carried out on many plant species, from cereals to vegetables or trees.<BR><BR>A national GMO register<BR><BR>As part of the transposition into French law of European Directive 2001/18/EC, France has just put a national GMO register online. This document is now accessible to the public.<BR>Focus on...<BR>Find out more...<BR><BR>Human food<BR>Home,Anses,News,Press room,Agenda,Our topics,Food,Animal health and nutrition,Environmental health,Occupational health,Plants,Opinions and publications,Last opinions and reports,Food opinions and reports,Animal health and nutrition opinions and reports,Environmental and occupational health opinions and reports,Plants opinions,Opinions and reports in English,Bulletins and periodicals,Other publications,Subscribe to Anses newsletter,Research and reference,Research program,Laboratories and reference activities, + ,Job opportunities,Public procurement contracts,Our websites,Partners,Extranet / ExpertNet,Kid's area,Legal notice,Contact, ,<A HREF='PN48I0.htm'>Infos on GMOs</A>
<A HREF='PN48I0.htm'>See GMO</A>
<A HREF='PN48I0.htm'>See genetically modified organims</A>
<A HREF='PN48I0.htm'> trangenesis</A>
<A HREF='PN48I0.htm'>Go to Anses</A>
<A HREF='PN48I0.htm'> alimentation</A>
<A HREF='PN48I0.htm'>Infos on environnement</A>
<A HREF='PN48I0.htm'> travail</A>
<A HREF='PN48I0.htm'> securite sanitaire</A>
<A HREF='PN48I0.htm'> securite aliments</A>
</BODY>
M
Opinions and/or reports related to this topic (mainly in french) :
Genetically Modified Organisms GMOs
What are GMOs?
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be defined as organisms (animals, plants) or microorganisms whose genetic makeup, DNA, has been transformed in a way that doesn't involve natural recombination or multiplication.
This technique, called genetic engineering, transfers selected genes from one organism to another, sometimes between different species. It therefore offers the potential of introducing a new character into the genetic makeup of an organism once the corresponding gene(s) has(ve) been identified.
What is transgenesis? A gene of interest is selected, for example the gene which codes the BT protein in a bacterium of the environment Bacillus thuringiensis. This protein is a toxin which is able to kill the larvae of certain insects.
This gene is isolated and additional genetic elements are associated to it: - a promoter enabling the reading of the information to begin, - a signal that reading is complete, - possibly a marker gene enabling the identification of the cells which received the gene of interest. This is what is known as a genetic construction, which is then introduced, using different techniques depending on the GMO, into the genome of a cell of the organism to be modified, for example corn or cotton. The transformed cells are then grown in special media to produce a new plant. These plants will then become capable of synthesising the toxin, for example, making them resistant to certain insects such as the European corn borer. This is what we call genetic transformation.
Genetic transformation may be carried out on many plant species, from cereals to vegetables or trees.
A national GMO register As part of the transposition into French law of European Directive 2001/18/EC, France has just put a national GMO register online. This document is now accessible to the public.
Anses
Opinions and publications